Synthetic gummy or resinous material and process of making same



ramme Fat. '11, 1 930 UNITED STATES PATEN'R- OFFICE rnnnnmcxw. sx'mnow, or snawmmnn rants, ermine, canary nssrenon. 'rov CANADIAN utucrtao raonuc'rs conmnr, rmrran; or mon'ram, (m nim smnarrc GUMMY on. nnsmous MATERIAL: AND racemes or uxnm emu,

No Drawing.

This invention relates broadly to the manufacture ofsynthetic-gummy pr resinous materials by the interaction or treatment of vin l esters with saturated aliphatic aldehy es or aldehydic bodies, the term vinyl esters as herein used including vinyl halides In a'copending application, a process is described forthe manufacture of synthetic tially without application of heat and pressure and the reaction goes more rapidly and completely than when using heat and pressure only." A source of light which has been found satisfactory is an ordinary mercury" vapour arc. lamp and a vessel satisfactory 1 for carrying'out the process is one composed of ordinary pyrex glass. The I ysefi'ective in promoting the reaction are ,thonght to lie largely'in the. visible Spectrum. Ultraviolet rays have been found to be comparatively ineffective, their action having been tested by utilizing a quartz tube as container and a suitable screen for filtering out the visible rays of light. Withsufiicient inten-' sity of light, thereaction will take place at atmospheric temperatureor slightly higher 1 and without pressure, but heating and pressure may be resorted to ifdesired. When using more-than five partsof aldehyde to 100 parts of vinyl compound, it is found that a better yield of product isobtained/ when using light than is obtained. p when" warmed to body temperature and befrom the use of heat and pressurealone.

Apparatus suitable for carrying out the reaction consists of a.pyr'e'x container connected to a reflux condenser or a container of porcelain,enamel or aluminum associatedwith tubes of pyrex glass through which the reaction mixture maybe circulated for ex; posure to light. Vessels of iron and copper are found to be unsatisfactory. v p The following examples will serve to illustrate various methods of carrying out the invention, but it will be understood that the Application filed August 15, 1927. serial 110. 213,197.

invention is .not confined-to the'particular materials, proportions or modes of treatment set forth, but is capable of many variations therefrom.

E cmr I Qne partof acetaldehydecand 100 parts of vinyl acetate (by volume) are placed in apparatus of. the character described and maintained .at a temperature around 30 to 49 C. for a period of sixteen hours. Unreacted ester and aldehyde maybe removed by distillation preferably with steam and approximately 10 parts of product will be .obtained, which is hard at ordinary temperatures but is tough and rubbery when warmed.

' Example "I I Proceeding as in Example I but using. two 7 parts of aldehyde to LOO parts of vinylacetate, approximately 40 parts of product are obtained.

p Eazample III 7 Proceeding as in Example I and using 5 partsof aldehyde to 100 parts of vinyl acetate, approximately 95 parts of product are obtained. A

Example I 1 Proceeding as in Example I but using 10 to 15 parts of aldehyde to 100 parts of vinyl acetate, approximately 100 parts of product are obtained. This product, which is com-" paratively hard at room temperature, softens comes freely plastic and ductile and of about the consistency of ordinaryi chewing gum.

are obtained, which is somewhat softer than 180,

obtained when working according to the preceding example.

lt'wample VI Proceeding according to Example I but using 100 parts of aldehyde to 100 partsrof vinyl ester, there is obtained approximately 100 parts of product which is asticky plastic.

Example VII Proceeding as in Example I but using 300 parts of aldehyde to 100 parts of ester, there is obtained approximately 90 parts of product which is a heavy liquid of a consistency somewhat similar to treacle.

Example VH1 Subjected to the effect of mercury arc lamp for a period of 16 hrs.

(parts produced per 100 parts vinyl acetate) Vol. .AcH per 100 voltvinyl acetate Less than In carrying out the process according to this invention, the presence or absence of oxygen makes very little observable difference either in the speed of reaction or in the product.

For satisfactory results it is essential that the materials used be of a certain degree of purity-,since the presence of certain impurities has detrimental effect on the reaction or may completely inhibit the reaction. Sulphur, completely inhibits the reaction while iron, copper and certain of the compounds of these elements have detrimental effect,

-with elevated temperatures.

higher molecular weight, also vinyl halides.

Also, various other aldehydes such as formaldehyde, butyraldehyde and aldchydes of higher molecular weight may be substituted for acetaldehyde.

The term aldehydic body as herein used refers to bodies which will liberate an aldehyde during the progress of the reaction, for example, paraldehyde, especially if a trace of mineral acid is present to decompose the same. In the same way, bodies of the acetal type may be utilized under conditions which will liberate aldehyde.

While the only temperature referred toin the examples is around 30 to 40 0., it will be understood that great variation may be made in this respect and, generally speaking, the temperature range may be placed between 20 and as far above 100 C. as it is possible to go without detrimental decomposition of the product or constituents of the reaction mixture. Also, pressures materially above atmospheric may be employed, especially light has considerable effect upon the speed of reaction and it is therefore desirable to place the mercury arc lamp close to the reaction apparatus. The invention is not confined to use of the mercury arc lamp but extends to other suitable forms of artificial light and also to direct or difi'used sunlight. It will be understood that, while the proportions given in the examples range between one part and 900 parts of aldehyde to 100 parts of ester, the invention is not limited to this ran e.

aving thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A process of making gummy or resinous products from vinyl esters, which comprises reacting together the vinyl body and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light and with heating.

. 2. A process of making gummy or resinous products, which comprises reacting together a vinyl ester and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light.

8. A-process of making gummy or resinous products, which comprises reacting together a vinyl ester and acetaldehyde with exposure to light.

4:. A process of making gummy or resinous products, which comprises reacting together vinyl acetate and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light.

5. A process of making gummy or resinous products, which comprises reacting together vinyl acetate and acetaldehyde with exposure to light.

Intensity of 6. A process of making gummy or resinous products, fromvinyl esters, which comprises reacting together 100 parts of the vinyl body and 1 to upwards of 900 parts of a saturated 5 aliphatic aldehyde with exposure tolight.

7 A process of making gummy or resinous "products from vinyl esters, which comprisesreacting together 100parts of the vinyl body and 1 t0 upwards of 900 parts of a saturated 10 aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light and with heating. A

8. A process according to claim 2 in which the light used is thatof a mercury vapour amp.

9. A process according to claim 5, in which I the light used is that of amercury vapour lamp. V

10. Compositions of matter resulting from reacting together vinyl esters and a saturated o aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light.

11. Compositions of matter resulting from reacting together vinyl esters and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light and with heating. 1 12. A composition of matter resulting from reacting together a vinyl ester and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light. v 13. A composition of'matter resulting from reacting together a vinyl ester and acetal e so hyde with exposure-to light.

14. A composit'on of matter resulting from reacting together vinyl acetate anda saturatedaliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light. 15. A composition of matter resulting from.

I reacting together vinyl acetate and acetalde-- hyde w1th exposure to light.

16. Compositions of matter resulting from reacting together parts of vinyl esters and 1 to-upwards of 900 parts of a saturated o aliphatic aldehyde with exposure to light.

17 Compositions of matter resulting from reacting together 100 parts of vinyl esters and 1 to upwards of 90.0fparts of a saturated aliphatic aldehyde with exposureto light and 4.5 with heating.

-m hand.

y FREDERICK SKIRROW.

V In Witness whereof, I have hereuinto set 

